Sprain is a common accident, especially during exercise. Sprains are caused by hard pounding on the joints, but with the wrong direction. As a result, connective tissue between the bones (ligaments) torn. This laceration followed by bleeding under the skin. The blood that collects under the skin that may cause swelling.
-Ankle
Sprains occur most commonly at the ankle. Most of the sprained ankle move inward. As a result, the ligament between the fibula and the tibia, torn. That causes swelling and pain when pressed. Sprains to outward also can occur. Pain and swelling will be started on the inner ankle.
Aid measures :
First, you must be ascertained whether there is any broken bones. In this case, usually a broken bone is the tip of the fibula and the tibia. This can be checked by pressing the bones of your foot and upper calf. Can also by pressing the fibula and the tibia in the direction toward each other. If the pain, then there is the possibility that the tip of the bones were broken.
If there were no broken bones, then the first aid are :
- Balm (ointments) or infrared may not be used directly to injury. Do not give a massage, because the swelling may become larger.
- Loosen the shoes.
- Further action is to soak a sprained foot with ice water for half an hour. If any, compress the pain with a sponge. This action is intended to prevent swelling and bleeding.
- Done soaked with ice water, then bandaged with a pressing bandage. To add pressure, slide the sponge pads. If you do not have bandages, use the Gibney’s method (Gibney Ankle Strapping). “Strapping” worn with a leg in a stretched position and higher than other body parts. “Strapping” may not cover (full circle) the ankle.
- During the next 24 hours, patients should not use the injured foot to sustain his/her weight. The patient should rest, by putting the injured leg with a position higher than the other limbs. Swelling will subside after 36-48 hours later.
-Wrist
Sprained wrist may be due to a sudden heavy lifting or for doing a job that was not familiar. For example, in tennis or volleyball, but still a beginner. At the wrist, there are many small bones. sometimes it is difficult to determine between ordinary sprained or sprained accompanied by fractures. Especially when it is swollen, in this case have to use X-ray examination. But, if it is not swollen, to detect bone fracture is to move the wrist in all directions. If broken, then any movement on the wrist will cause pain. If not, then only felt pain when moved in one direction.
Aid measures :
If nothing is broken, do first aid like a sprained ankle. Ie soak with ice water for 30 minutes, then apply a pressure bandage. If you prefer, use mitela to rest your wrists.
-Finger
It’s small possibility of a shift in the ligament, which happened only a bruise. Never do the massage. Keep in mind, massage on a sprained joint will only exacerbate inflammatory reactions. When you do the massage, the result is pain and swelling grew bigger.
If you still want a massage, then massage in the vicinity of the sprain. Not on the sprain. When a sprain in the fingers, then the massage is the wrist or palm. This action may be useful to relieve inflammation, because the purpose of massage is to facilitate the circulation of blood. Remember, Not on the sprain but in the vicinity of the sprain.
Aid measures :
Make a “strapping” using plaster or the like that can bind.
-Shoulder
Shoulder joint can also sprain. This occurs when there is a direct hit to the shoulders, or fall, as often occurs in wrestlers.
Signs :
- Pain when the shoulder is pressed from above.
- Swelling.
- The arms are connected with the shoulder joint, suddenly “loss of strength”.
- Sometimes a sprained shoulder joint was accompanied by the tip of a broken collarbone.
Aid measures :
Shoulder injury imposed “strapping” which is made of plaster or the like. Before you apply, give a soft cushion foam or sponge rubber. “Strapping” worn for 48 hours. After 48 hours, further action is to do a gently massage, as i said before, massage in the vicinity of the sprain. Not on the sprain. Or warm with the heater (you can use light). Before any joint function returned to normal, patients may not do heavy work involving the shoulder.
Strapping on shoulder
I found a good method for shoulder sprain. Check this : http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/11855950/shoulder-taping-shoulder-strapping-physioadvis.htm
-Elbow
If a blow on the elbow when arm in a straight condition, there is a possibility elbow will sprain. It is easy to identify, if arm bent 90 degrees, the patient will feel pain ( also when moving the fingers ). So is a sprained elbow.
Aid measures :
Compresses elbow with icee, and then wear bandages in a position of 90 degress. If necessary (if any), wear mitela. Massage should only performed after the swelling dissapeared. After recovery, patients should not too many moving his/her hand (especially teh elbows).
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