Each accident, patient who suffered blow to thier head and fainted, then the patient should be regarded as concussion. So if the victim is unconscious, and allegedly suffered head injury, it should be treated carefully. Bleeding through the nose and ears after the collision, indicate cracked skull. How to treat for head injury?
1. Bleeding in the head
Scalp, has a lot of blood vessels, so that if the wound is very shallow even more blood will flow. Bleeding in the head is very dangerous when there is in area above the ears or back of the head.
Aid Measures :
Note there may be a cracked skull. Also note if there is a broken skull and there may be disturbances in the brain (concussion). If there are signs of a broken bone in the head or brain disorders, stop the bleeding by pressing directly on the wound. Close wound with sterile gauze, and give pressure bandage.
How to pressing the wound :
By using three fingers, press back of the neck arteries. Thumb is pressed, placed in the neck. Do not press the pulse to the throat. Compress pulse which is located on the same side with the bleeding. Emphasis is lower than the Adam’s apple.
2. Open wound in the head
Aid Measures :
Stop the wound as above. If the injury is not accompanied by head fractures :
- Cut the hairs, especially in the wound area.
- Wash the wound with a sterile fluid.
- Cover the wound with sterile gauze and bandages
- Bring the patient to the doctor.
3. Bruises on the head
Beaten with a blunt object, probably does not cause an open wound. But only a bruise. Existing blood vessels in the scalp is broken, but blood can not flow out snd will appear soft lump.
Aid Measures :
Note the existence of concussion or skull fracture. If not, lay the head with a higher pillow. Compress bruised with cold water. If the swelling increase, the patient must be taken to the hospital.
4. Concussion
The signs of concussion is, patient fainted after their head hit something. After recovering consciousness, the patient will forget the events before the accident (amnesia). If passed in a long time. then it is a severe concussion, thus if the amnesia for a long time (both of before and after the accident), then it is also a severe concussion. A light concussion usually recovered without complications. Severe concussions can be followed by complications such as neurological disorders.
Aid measures :
- Wash mouth and breathing tract from debris, mucus or vomit. Lay the patients with head turned to the side to facilitate the flow of substances that are thrown.
- Patients should not be frequently moved. The patient must remain lying down.
- Stop the bleeding, if any.
- To carry the patient, treat the patient as a broken collarbone or neck.
- When it wakes up, the patient must remain lying down, and prevent that the patient is not agitated.
- Bring the patient to the hospital for further examination.
5. Bleeding in the Brain Membrane
Accidents in the head, may not result in anything on the outside of the head. But the blood vessels in the lining of the brain may rupture. In this case, the patient usually does not feel anything, except little dizzy after the accident. But few hours later the patient will increasingly feel dizzy, vomiting and fainting.
Aid Measures :
Any casualty suspected of having impact on the head, should be treated as people with concussion. Although the patient remained conscious, the patient must remain lying down. Every quarter or half an hour, consciousness must be checked. If necessary, the patient should be awakened if asleep. If consciousness decreased, or getting dizzy, or vomiting are more and more, it must be brought to the hospital.
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