1. Alcohol.
Ethyl alcohol (Whiskey with levels of 40%, Gin 30%, Wine 10%, Beer 5%), Methyl alcohol (methylated spirit).
Danger : blind suddenly (toxins in the methylated spirit). Death due to respiratory paralysis.
Aid measures :
Try to puke. Rinse the stomach with a solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon in a glass of water), every single hour. It could also drink black coffee, or inserted through the anus. Perform artificial respiration and cover the patient’s body with blanket.
2. Arsenic.
There is in rat poison.
Symptoms : Stomach and throat feels burned, vomiting and defecation (diluted), mouh dry, breath and feces smell like onions, muscle spasms, headache, hands and feet become cold, a hissing breath, convulsions and fainting.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach by using 30 grams of baking soda in half a glass of water. Can also use a solution of charcoal (Norit). Try to puke. If there is no baking soda or norit, you can use egg whites and milk. Immediately bring to the hospital.
3. Boric acid.
Boorwater is boric acid solution with a concentration of 3%.
Symptoms : Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, cold sweat, shortness of breath, skin flushing and fainting.
Aid measures :
Try to puke. Use salt water as much as possible in order to vomit. If convulsions or shock, immediately take to the hospital.
4. Hard acids.
Such as Concentrated acetic acid (glacial). HCI (hydrochloric acid). Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid.
Danger : highly corrosive (can erode and damage the tissues of the body).
Aid measures :
When exposed to skin or eyes, treat as burns. Do not induce vomiting or perform gastric flushing. First, neutralize the acid with a dilute limewater, or a solution of magnesium oxide, if any. Softened with milk, egg whites, or soap solution. Do not use a solution of chalk or baking soda. Because when mixed with hard acid, it will form CO2 gas that can make the stomach to be bloated. When exposed to skin or eyes, it will be such as burns. Read here.
5. Asetanilid.
Phenacitin (febrifuge), Aniline (batik dyes or inks).
Symptoms : Lips became blue, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pain, red spots arise on the skin (for the poison of phenacetin). Death may occur due to respiratory paralysis.
Aid measures :
Try to puke. Rinse the stomach with a solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon in a glass of water). Cover the patient’s body with blanket and Immediately bring to the hospital.
6. Acetone.
Substance to remove nail polish.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach and try to puke, perform artificial respiration. Give black coffee (drink it or through the anus).
7. Asetosal.
Asetosal, Aspirin, Aspro, Naspro, Bufferin.
Symptomps : Stomach feels sore, sweat pouring, buzzing ears, headache, restlessness, pale and hard to breath.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach with a solution of baking soda through the mouth and anus, try to puke and immediately bring to the hospital.
8. Barbiturates.
Can be found at Luminal and similar other sleeping pills. Death usually occurs after falling asleep several days continuously.
Aid measures :
Clear the airway from mucus and dirt that block and flush the surface of the stomach with castor oil. After finished, give a black coffee. If the patient is not conscious, clean the airway and pull out patient’s tongue then give black coffe through anus. Immediately bring to the hospital.
PS: One tablet luminal, usually contains 30 milligrams of sleeping pills.
9. Hard bases.
Calcium oxide, liquid ammonia, potassium (KOH), caustic, bleach (NaOH).
Danger : corrosive to the affected tissue.
Aid measures :
When exposed skin, see here, chapter on burns. Give a drink from a dilute solution of vinegar in a glass of water and don’t spit it out. Coconut oil or butter will protect stomach walls from corrosive hazard. Compress with warm water in the heart area and bring to the hospital.
10. Gasoline.
Gasoline, kerosene, naphtha.
Danger : If entry into the lungs, there will be inflammation and swelling in the lungs.
Aid measures :
Give toxic softeners, see here. In small children, do not be stimulated to vomit. Perform artifical respiration, if any, provide additional oxygen. Bring to the hospital.
11.Benzol.
Toluene (detonator materials / dynamite, gaskets), Xylol (lens cleaner).
Aid measures :
Stimuli patient to vomit, but do it carefully. Compress chest with cold water and hot water, alternately. Artificial respiration if necessary.
12.DDT
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach with salt water and spit. DON’T give toxic softeners, especially the oil or butter. Give artificial respiration and immediately brought to hospitals, because this poisoning can only be handled by the hospital.
13.Detergent.
The most severe symptom is stomachache, diarrhea, and possibly vomiting. The rest is not dangerous. If eaten too much, then, becomes a big problem.
Aid measures :
Give toxic softeners. Perform stomach flushing, if necessary.
14.Formalin.
Stinging pungent odor, is a typical sign.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach using a dilute solution of ammonia (0.1%) or salt water and try to puke. Use white egg and milk as toxin softeners. If there are signs of shock, take the patient to the hospital.
15.Phosphorus.
Red phosphorus is not dangerous because it is not absorbed by the body, but the yellow phosphorus is very dangerous for the body. Phosphorus is widely used to make matches and some poison pests.
Aid measures :
To prevent absorption, give 100 cc of liquid paraffin. Rinse the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g in 5 liters of water).
16.Marijuana.
Symptomps : overly excited, hallucinations (seeing, smell or feel something that does not exist), delirium, drowsiness, leg became weak, slow breathing, rapid pulse, convulsions.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach using warm water and try to puke. Give black coffe and cover patient’s body with blanket.
17.Tear gas.
Used by police to disperse riots.
Aid measures :
Remove clothing immediately, because tear gas can stuck to the clothes and keep working. Flush eyes with boorwater clear water for several minutes. Wash the skin with a solution of soda and bring the patient to fresh air.
18.Ammonia gas.
Used in an ice factory. In a small vial, used to help people who faint.
Aid measures :
If swallowed liquid ammonia, look at the hard base chapter. When exposed to ammonia gas (especially eyes), wash with boorwater for 5 minutes or more. If by water, ammonia will form the heat. Give an orange juice.
19.Camphor.
Symptomps ; Anxiety, breath and urine smells like camphor, severe abdominal pain, ringing in the ears, seizures. When in large doses, stomach felt hot. Face at first red, then pale.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach and try to puke. Give toxic softeners but don’t use oil or butter. Perform artificial respiration. Compress with hot and cold water alternately and cover patient’s body with blanket.
20.Chlorine.
Danger : Corrosive.
Aid measures :
Give toxic softeners or give dilute solution of vinegar or lemon juice. Rinse the stomach and try to puke but carefully. Wash the skin with clear water until fully clean and bring the patient to the fresh air.
21.Carbolic.
Symptomps : Mouth and lungs feel burning, the typical smell of carbolic, tongue appears white spots and later become brown. Headache, pale, face and skin becomes moist, fainting. When in large doses, it can be deadly.
Aid measures :
Give castor oil to drink, and flush the stomach with a solution of Norit. After that, give a lot of egg whites and milk. Immediately bring to the hospital.
22.Carbon dioxide.
Black smoke during combustion. When levels reach 10-15% in the respiration, can be deadly.
Aid measures :
The first thing is to take the patient to fresh air. Flush body with cold water and give artificial respiration (where necessary stimulated with amyl nitrite vapor through the nose). Massage hands and feet of patients. This may take some time before work, therefore, do not despair.
23.Carbon monoxide.
Ethylene gas (from carbide), coal gas (gas from the kitchen), gas from car exhaust, gas above the swamp.
Aid measures :
Take the patient to fresh air and do not move a lot. Cover the body with blanket and give artificial respiration with extra oksigen if necessary. Take to the hospital.
24.Mercurochrom.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach with salt water or white egg and try to puke. Take to the hospital.
25.Morphine.
Symptoms : Over-excited, and then dizzy, frightened and sleepy. The breath becomes slow and shallow, sometimes irregular. Body feels cold, pale, cold sweat. Pupils shrink, if widened again, usually close to death.
Aid measures :
Before fainting, give Norit solution or salt water to rinse the stomach and try to puke. If the morphine enter through injection, attach the tourniquet. Clear airway from mucus or debris and do anything for the patient remained conscious. Cover the body and take to the hospital immediately.
26.Nicotine.
Drunk because tobacco.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach with Norit and try to puke. Perform artificial respiration dan cover the body with blanket.
27.Pesticides.
There are two types of pesticides in circulation, namely the type of CHP and OFP.
Symptoms of poisoning by the CHP :
When only mild poisoning, the symptoms are dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, lack of concentration. But if acute poisoning, the symptomps like mild poisoning plus seizures.
Symptoms of poisoning by the OFP :
Symptoms running quickly. Initially nausea and vomiting, weak, headache. Then shortness of breath, mucus out of the mouth and nose, a lot of sweat and tears, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Then can also be followed by convulsions.
Aid measures :
Wash exposed skin with soap and water. If swallowed, rinse the stomach with soda solution (5%) and try to puke. Give toxic softeners but don’t give oil or butter. Take off the clothes and wash. Perform artificial respiration and take to the hospital.
28.Turpentine.
Symptomps : Terpentine distinctive odor, anxiety, vomiting, insomnia, bloody urine, bluish lips, delirium and fainting.
Aid measures :
Rinse the stomach with salt water and try to puke. Give toxic softeners and perform artificial respiration if necessary.
29.Iodine.
Yedoform, tinktura iodine.
Aid measures :
Give thiosulfat sodium (hypo) 1-5%, or a solution of starch or wheat flour. If you don’t have any, give milk or white egg. Rinse the stomach with salt water. Take to the hospital.
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