Humans have the bones and joints (moving system) which has many functions to support human life. Without good condition, then the human bones and joints will be difficult to perform daily activities. Previously I’ve written two of the four disorders in the joints, ie sprains and dislocations. And now I’ll write the rest.

1. Arthritis

Arthritis is inflammation in the joints that give the pain and sometimes can change bone position. Arthritis is a disease that affects many people, especially the elderly. There are various types of arthritis, however, the most common is osteoarthritis. There are various types of arthritis, however, the most common is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that attacks cartilage in the joints and surrounding tissue. Osteoarthritis also called degenerative arthritis, caused by aging. Osteoarthritis can also be suffered by those who are younger, mainly caused by injury, infection, too heavy burden on the joints due to work or obesity. Joints normally have a low level of friction, besides there are bearings in the joints, there are also joint fluid that serves as a lubricant. Osteoarthritis occurs when there are abnormalities in the cells of joint cartilage, then the damage occurred due to cracks in the surface.  Thus, the surface of the joints that was smooth and slippery, become rough and bumpy. Due to this, the joints can not move smoothly and painful.

Symptoms :

Usually, the symptoms of osteoarthritis occur slowly and only occurred in some joints, such as finger joints, neck, waist, hips, or knees.  The most common symptom is pain in the joints due to the activity, then accompanied by numbness which usually disappear after mobilized for a few moments. In more severe osteoarthritis, appears limited motion in affected joints.  The body will try to fix it, but that just cause swollen joints and uneven growth. which will cause noise in the joints when moved.

Aid measures :

From the above symptoms, the doctor may conclude that a person affected by osteoarthritis.  If necessary, the doctor will request an additional inspection,  such as x-rays in the affected joints, or a more sophisticated examinations such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). To differentiate it from other arthritis, the doctor may also ask for blood tests. Treatment for osteoarthritis more toward reducing symptoms and maintaining joint function, so people can have a good quality of life and can move normally. The doctor will suggest a variety of gymnastic movements, so that joint movement is not limited by pain or stiffness, prevent damage to joint cartilage, and strengthen the muscles around the joints. Besides, doing physical therapy with heat to improve muscle function and reduce muscle stiffness. While physical therapy with the cold temperatures used to reduce pain. In order to protect the joints from the movement that causes pain, you can use various aids while doing the activity. Drugs that are given to the patient, serves to complement the above treatments. Drugs used to reduce pain and also slightly reduce the inflammation in the joints, such drugs from the class of non steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID). However, be careful using these drugs, because it can cause many serious side effects, ranging from gastric bleeding until the risk of heart attack and stroke. However, drugs used under a doctor’s prescription and is only used if really necessary in a short time. Ointment that directly applied to the skin of  joint area, can also be used to reduce pain and inflammation that may occur.  Ointement are relatively safer than drug that is swallowed, however, it should remain in a doctor’s supervision. Sometimes, if the swelling is accompanied by redness and severe pain, it can be done suction of fluids or injection in the joint area using a variety of drugs. However, this treatment only works in a short time and just to reduce the symptoms that occur, also may not often used because it can damage the joints, and more severe. In very severe osteoarthritis or failed with all the above treatments, doctors can refer patients to a specialist in orthopedic surgery for joint replacement surgery with artificial joints. This is a very expensive operation. Artificial joints is also not as strong as the original joint, so maybe after a few years should be replaced by other artificial joints.  Additionally, to prevent worsening of joint damage, should be performed weight loss in patients who have excess weight.

2. Ankilosis

Ankilosis is a disorder of the joints that causes joints can not move, between the ends of bones seemed to be united. Ankilosis jaw joints are limitations on the movement of the jaw joints either unilaterally or bilaterally, This was caused by ossification or fibrosis in the articular disc, or because of the influence of pathological conditions outside of the jaw joints that interfere space for the jaw joints.

Ankilosis jaw joints can be classified as true ankilosis and fake ankilosis, also can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. The causes of true ankilosis is trauma and inflammation or infection occurs in the jaw joints. And fake ankilosis because abnormalities outside the jaw joints, eg miogenik, neurogenic, psikoneurosis, the shift of bone, fibrous adhesions and tumors that occur around the jaw joints. Ankilosis can also affect the function of speaking, dental health, mastication function and can cause facial deformities, and maloklusi if ankilosis occurred during growth.

Ankilosis spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, systemic, characterized by progressive stiffness, and primarily affects the joints of the spine (vertebrae) with unknown causes. The disease can involve peripheral joints, sinovia, and prone joints, will also occur ossification of tendons and ligaments that will lead to fibrosis and ankilosis bone. Akroiliaka joint disruption is a typical sign of this disease. Ankilosis vertebrae usually occur at an advanced stage and rarely occurs in patients with mild symptoms. Another name AS is  disease or Bechterew’s disease. The main symptom of AS is the presence sakroilitis. Gradually, the pain disappeared and then arise on the lower back and spreads downward on the thigh area. Constitutional complaints are usually very mild, such as anorexia, weakness, weight loss, and mild heat that usually occurs in early disease.

Aid measures :

The main treatment is to eliminate pain, reduce inflammation, physical exercises to improve muscle strength, and maintaining posture. Patients are encouraged to sleep supine using a rather hard mattress with a thin pillow. Using a thicker pillow or multiple pillows should be avoided. In the morning, a warm bath, followed by physical exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back (according to the instructions the doctor or physiotherapist). This is best done at home regularly. Sleeping on stomach for several minutes and is performed several times daily. It is deemed useful in maintaining the movement of spinal extension.

Physical exercise is important because this disease tends to occur abnormalities progressive form of spinal flexion. Therefore, the spinal extensor muscles must be strengthened. Other maneuvers that need to do is breathe in and the isometric lumbar flexion movement. Posture position should be considered at any time. A hard backed chair is encouraged, but preferably more walking than sitting.

Swimming is the best exercise for the muscles are still allowed to hold in a state of extension. Spinal fusion is a complication of spondylitis. Therefore, the posture must be maintained and avoid the occurrence of flexion contractures in the position of the shoulders and knees. Recommended that patients remain upright, as if the heels, buttocks, shoulders, shoulders, and back of the head is always leaning on the wall.

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